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	<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Precision_Aiming</id>
	<title>Precision Aiming - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=Precision_Aiming"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-05-11T13:11:20Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.45.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=581&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Smaldonado: Changed image align to right</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=581&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-12-05T11:03:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Changed image align to right&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:03, 5 December 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:PrecisionAiming.png|frame|right]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&amp;#039;s [[OpComms]] team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&amp;#039;s [[OpComms]] team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:PrecisionAiming.png|frame|center]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-added&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians [https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/spot-4] and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians [https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/spot-4] and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Smaldonado</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=579&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Smaldonado: Added image</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=579&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-12-05T11:01:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Added image&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:01, 5 December 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&amp;#039;s [[OpComms]] team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&amp;#039;s [[OpComms]] team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[File:PrecisionAiming.png|frame|center]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians [https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/spot-4] and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians [https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/spot-4] and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Smaldonado</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=126&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Smaldonado: Added to Optical Communications category</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=126&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-08-11T06:11:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Added to Optical Communications category&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 06:11, 11 August 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l4&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 4:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability [http://bluecanyontech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/XB1-Data-Sheet_1.0.pdf].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability [http://bluecanyontech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/XB1-Data-Sheet_1.0.pdf].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Optical Communications]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Smaldonado</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=109&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ehillstrom at 05:54, 30 July 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=109&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-30T05:54:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 05:54, 30 July 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&#039;s OpComms team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&#039;s &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[&lt;/ins&gt;OpComms&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;]] &lt;/ins&gt;team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians [https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/spot-4] and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians [https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/spot-4] and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability [http://bluecanyontech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/XB1-Data-Sheet_1.0.pdf].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability [http://bluecanyontech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/XB1-Data-Sheet_1.0.pdf].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ehillstrom</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=29&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ehillstrom at 04:40, 30 July 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=29&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-30T04:40:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 04:40, 30 July 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&amp;#039;s OpComms team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&amp;#039;s OpComms team.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians &lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[https://directory.eoportal.org/web/eoportal/satellite-missions/s/spot-4] &lt;/ins&gt;and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability [http://bluecanyontech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/XB1-Data-Sheet_1.0.pdf].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability [http://bluecanyontech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/XB1-Data-Sheet_1.0.pdf].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ehillstrom</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=28&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ehillstrom at 04:38, 30 July 2015</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=28&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-30T04:38:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 04:38, 30 July 2015&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l3&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 3:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians  and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians  and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability .&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability &lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[http://bluecanyontech.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/XB1-Data-Sheet_1.0.pdf]&lt;/ins&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ehillstrom</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=25&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Ehillstrom: Created page with &quot;If the beam divergence of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://ssi-wiki.stanford.edu/w/index.php?title=Precision_Aiming&amp;diff=25&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2015-07-30T04:36:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;If the &lt;a href=&quot;/Beam_divergence&quot; class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; title=&quot;Beam divergence&quot;&gt;beam divergence&lt;/a&gt; of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;If the [[beam divergence]] of a transmitter is small, i.e. it forms a tighter cone, then more power actually reaches the receiver. However, low divergence means that the beam must be very well aligned for the spot to actually coincide with the receiver aperture. By contrast, if the transmit beam is wider, the spot becomes larger and it is easier to hit the receiver, but less power will be transmitted into the receiver system. This tradeoff is an ongoing high-level design question for SSI&amp;#039;s OpComms team.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Precision pointing is arguably the greatest challenge in satellite optical communications. Given the extremely long distances involved, extremely accurate pointing is required to achieve a link of sufficient power. For example, the ESA [[ARTEMIS and SPOT-4]] inter-satellite link required a pointing error of less than 10 microradians  and NASA’s [[LLCD]] was designed to have a pointing stability of just 4 microradians . Achieving this kind of precision with a mechanism that must withstand the shock and vibrations levels of launch and payload deployment is even more difficult.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is likely not technically feasible to achieve this level of pointing precision in a CubeSat in the near future, however there is a lot of promising work in this field. One CubeSat components manufacturer, for example, is offering a CubeSat bus that claims +/- 0.002 degree (34.9 microradian) pointing accuracy with 1 arc second stability .&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Ehillstrom</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>