Changes

=== Defense Article ===

=== Defense Article ===

§120.6 defines '''Defense Article''' to refer to any item listed in Part 121, the [[#USML|United States Munitions List (USML)]].

§120.6 defines '''Defense Article''' to refer to any item listed in Part 121, the [[#The United States Munitions List (USML)|United States Munitions List (USML)]].

“This term includes technical data recorded or stored in any physical form, models, mockups or other items that reveal technical data directly relating to items designated in §121.1 (the USML). It also includes forgings, castings, and other unfinished products, such as extrusions and machined bodies, that have reached a stage in manufacturing where they are clearly identifiable by mechanical properties, material composition, geometry, or function as defense articles. It does not include basic marketing information on function or purpose or general system descriptions.”

“This term includes technical data recorded or stored in any physical form, models, mockups or other items that reveal technical data directly relating to items designated in §121.1 (the USML). It also includes forgings, castings, and other unfinished products, such as extrusions and machined bodies, that have reached a stage in manufacturing where they are clearly identifiable by mechanical properties, material composition, geometry, or function as defense articles. It does not include basic marketing information on function or purpose or general system descriptions.”

=== Significant Military Equipment ===

=== Significant Military Equipment ===

§120.6  defines '''Defense Service''' as:

§120.6  defines '''Defense Service''' as:

*The furnishing of assistance (including training) to foreign persons, whether in the United States or abroad in the design, development, engineering, manufacture, production, assembly, testing, repair, maintenance, modification, operation, demilitarization, destruction, processing or use of defense articles;

*The furnishing of assistance (including training) to foreign persons, whether in the United States or abroad in the design, development, engineering, manufacture, production, assembly, testing, repair, maintenance, modification, operation, demilitarization, destruction, processing or use of defense articles;

*The furnishing to foreign persons of any [[#technical data|technical data]] controlled under the ITAR, whether in the United States or abroad; or

*The furnishing to foreign persons of any [[#Technical Data|technical data]] controlled under the ITAR, whether in the United States or abroad; or

*Military training of foreign units and forces, regular and irregular, including formal or informal instruction of foreign persons in the United States or abroad or by correspondence courses, technical, educational, or information publications and media of all kinds, training aid, orientation, training exercise, and military advice.

*Military training of foreign units and forces, regular and irregular, including formal or informal instruction of foreign persons in the United States or abroad or by correspondence courses, technical, educational, or information publications and media of all kinds, training aid, orientation, training exercise, and military advice.

=== Technical Data ===

=== Technical Data ===

*Classified information relating to defense articles and defense services on the U.S. Munitions List and 600-series items controlled by the Commerce Control List;

*Classified information relating to defense articles and defense services on the U.S. Munitions List and 600-series items controlled by the Commerce Control List;

*Information covered by an invention secrecy order; or

*Information covered by an invention secrecy order; or

*Software directly related to [[#defense article|defense articles]].

*Software directly related to [[#Defense Article|defense articles]].

Importantly, the above definition ''does not include'' information concerning general scientific, mathematical, or engineering principles commonly taught in schools, colleges, and universities, or information in the [[#public domain|public domain]] or telemetry data. It also does not include basic marketing information on function or purpose or general system descriptions of defense articles.

Importantly, the above definition ''does not include'' information concerning general scientific, mathematical, or engineering principles commonly taught in schools, colleges, and universities, or information in the [[#Public Domain|public domain]] or telemetry data. It also does not include basic marketing information on function or purpose or general system descriptions of defense articles.

=== Public Domain ===

=== Public Domain ===

'''Public domain''', defined in §120.11 for the purposes of the ITAR, refers to all information that is available:

'''Public domain''', defined in §120.11 for the purposes of the ITAR, refers to all information that is available:

*Through unlimited distribution at a conference, meeting, seminar, trade show or exhibition, generally accessible to the public, in the United States;

*Through unlimited distribution at a conference, meeting, seminar, trade show or exhibition, generally accessible to the public, in the United States;

*Through public release (i.e., unlimited distribution) in any form (e.g., not necessarily in published form) after approval by the cognizant U.S. government department or agency;

*Through public release (i.e., unlimited distribution) in any form (e.g., not necessarily in published form) after approval by the cognizant U.S. government department or agency;

*Through '''[[#fundamental research|fundamental research]]''' in science and engineering at accredited institutions of higher learning in the U.S. where the resulting information is ordinarily published and shared broadly in the scientific community.  

*Through '''[[#Fundamental Research|fundamental research]]''' in science and engineering at accredited institutions of higher learning in the U.S. where the resulting information is ordinarily published and shared broadly in the scientific community.  

=== Fundamental Research ===

=== Fundamental Research ===

'''Fundamental research''' is defined as ''basic and applied research in science and engineering where the resulting information is ordinarily published and shared broadly within the scientific community, as distinguished from research the results of which are restricted for proprietary reasons or specific U.S. Government access and dissemination controls.''

'''Fundamental research''' is defined as ''basic and applied research in science and engineering where the resulting information is ordinarily published and shared broadly within the scientific community, as distinguished from research the results of which are restricted for proprietary reasons or specific U.S. Government access and dissemination controls.''

== Interpretation ==

== Interpretation ==

ITAR is interpreted differently at various universities within the US. Stanford's interpretation of the ITAR involves an ongoing discussion regarding the definition of [[#fundamental research|"'''fundamental research'''"]]. SSI works to ensure its activities fall within the purview of fundamental research and in compliance with the ITAR by frequently publicizing information about group activities (such as through this Wiki), securing group property, not engaging in military training, and otherwise ensuring appropriate conduct.

ITAR is interpreted differently at various universities within the US. Stanford's interpretation of the ITAR involves an ongoing discussion regarding the definition of [[#Fundamental Research|"'''fundamental research'''"]]. SSI works to ensure its activities fall within the purview of fundamental research and in compliance with the ITAR by frequently publicizing information about group activities (such as through this Wiki), securing group property, not engaging in military training, and otherwise ensuring appropriate conduct.